Ruminal Kinetics of Nutrients Degradation, Hydration, and Functional Specific Gravity of Three Types of Beet Pulp
Subject Areas : Camel
ا.
تیموری یانسری
1
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Sari University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran)
Keywords: ruminant feed, beet pulp, physically effective fiber, physical property,
Abstract :
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relationships between nutrients degradability, kinetics of hydration, functional specific gravity (FSG) of the three types of beet pulp (BP) including fine (FBP), normal (NBP) and pelleted (PBP) BP. In experiment 1, about 3 g of samples was weighed in sealed nylon bags (6 cm×7.5 cm, 40±5 µm pore size), incubated in rumen of two cannulated Holstein steers at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h. The dry matter (DM) degradation was different among the treatments for soluble, slowly and potentially degradable fractions, rate of degradation, and effective degradability. In experiment 2, after ruminal incubation of two bags at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h, the bags were removed without and with washing, the kinetic of hydration, functional specific gravity (FSG) measured with pycnometer. Hydration rate and water holding capacity (WHC) were different. Grinding and pelleting decreased hydration rate and WHC of BP, but increased initial and final FSG over incubation time. Soluble, slowly degradable, and indigestible fraction of DM explained 82.4, 94.8, 2.7, 54.2, 87.3 and 79.7%; 34.1, 50.0, 2.2, 31.4, 62.2 and 63.4%; and 89.1, 12.2, 68.0, 84.7 and 92.9% of the total variation of the fractional rate of degradation, effective degradability, hydration rate, WHC, initial and final FSG, respectively. In addition, the correlations between digestion and hydration parameters were high. As BP has lower than critical size, can easily pass from the reticulorumen orifice, therefore, its FSG is more important to control ruminal retention time and degradation.
Allen M.S. and Mertens D.R. (1988). Evaluating constraints on fiber digestion by rumen microbes. J. Nutr. 118, 261-270.
AOAC. (2002). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Ben-Ghedalia D.E., Yosef J., Miron D. and Est Y. (1989). The effects of starch- and pectin- rich diets on the quantitative aspects of digestion in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 24, 289- 298.
Bhatti S.A. and Firkins J.L. (1995). Kinetics of hydration and functional specific gravity of fibrous feed by-products. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 1449-1460.
Catherine M.G., Crepeau C.R.M. and Thibault J. (1999). Glucuronic acid directly linked to galacturonic acid in the rhamnogalacturonan backbone of beet pectins. Europe J. Biochem. 266, 566-574.
DePeters E.J., Fadel J.G. and Arosemena A. (1997). Digestion kinetics of neutral detergent fiber and chemical composition within some selected by-product feedstuffs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 67, 127-140.
Ehle F.R. and Stern M.D. (1986). Influence of particle size and density on particulate passage through alimentary tract of Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 69, 564-571.
Giger-Reverdin S. (2000). Characterization of feedstuffs for ruminants using some physical parameters. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 86, 53-69.
Gonzalez J., Centeno C. and Lamrani F. (2001). In situ rumen degradation of amino acids from different feeds corrected for microbial contamination. Anim. Res. 50, 253-264.
Haj-Ayed M., Gonzalez J., Caballero R. and Alvir M.R. (2000). Nutritive value of on-farm vetch-oat hays. I. Voluntary intake and nutrient digestibility. Ann. Zootech. 49, 381-389.
Kaske M. and Englhardet W.V. (1990). The effect of size and density on mean retention time of particles in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 63, 683-704.
Kaske M., Hatiboglu S. and Englhardet W.V. (1992). The influence of density and size of particles on rumination and passage from the reticulo-rumen of sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 67, 235-244.
McDougall E.I. (1948). Studies on ruminant saliva1: the composition and out put of sheep’s saliva. Biochem. J. 4, 39-45.
Ørskov E.R. and McDonald I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci. 92, 499-503.
Pereira J.C. and Gonzalez J. (2004). Rumen degradability of dehydrated beet pulp and dehydrated citrus pulp. Anim. Res. 53, 99-110.
Poppi D.P., Norton B.W., Minson D.J. and Hendrickson R.E. (1980). The validity of the critical size theory for particles leaving the rumen. J. Agric. Sci. 94, 275-280.
Ramanzin M., Bailoni L. and Bittante G. (1994). Solubility, water-holding capacity and specific gravity of different concentrates. J. Dairy Sci. 11, 174-781.
Richardson J.M., Wilkinson R.G. and Sinclair L.A. (2003). Synchrony of nutrient supply to the rumen and dietary energy source and their effects on the growth and metabolism of lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 1332-1347.
Rodríguez C.A. (1996). Estudio de la colonización microbiana de los alimentos en el rumen. Implicaciones sobre la estimación de la degradabilidad ruminal de las materias nitrogenadas mediante técnicas in situ. Ph D. Thesis. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
SAS Institute. (1998). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 8. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Teimouri Yansari A., Valizadeh R., Naserian A., Christensen D.A., Yu P. and Eftekhari Shahroodi F. (2004). Effects of alfalfa particle size and specific gravity chewing activity, digestibility and performance of Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 3912-3924.
Torrent J., Johnson D.E. and Kujawa M.A. (1994). Co-product fiber digestibility: kinetic and in vivo assessment. J. Anim. Sci. 72, 790-795.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
Wattiaux M.A. (1990). A mechanism influencing passage of forage particles through the reticulo-rumen: change in specific gravity during hydration and digestion. Ph D. Thesis. University of Wisconsin, USA.